Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate is a potentphosphodiesterase (PDE)inhibitor,adenosine receptorantagonist, andhistone deacetylase (HDAC)activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate inhibitsPDE3activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate has anti-inflammatory activity by increaseIL-10and inhibitNF-κBinto the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate inducesapoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (1-1000 μM) inhibits cAMP hydrolysis by PDE in homogenates of bronchial tissue to relax human bronchus and pulmonary arteries^[1].
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (10 μg/mL; 24 h; eosinophils) induces apoptosis through a reduction in the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2^[2].
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (0-500 μM; 2 h; A549 cells) inhibits NF-κB activation, I kappa B alpha (I-κBα) degradation and decreases the level of IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner^[3].
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (0-1000 μM; 30 min; A549 cells) induces histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression^[4].

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) (100 mg/kg; i.p.; daily, for 9 d; male Swiss mice) has anti-inflammatory activity in mice and increases IL-6 and IL-10 levels and inhibits TNF-α and NO^[1].

198.18

C₇H₁₀N₄O₃

5967-84-0

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.