生物活性 | Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid inducesapoptosisand cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3]. |
IC50& Target | Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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体外研究 (In Vitro) | Citric acid (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner[3]. Citric acid (12.5 mM; 72 h) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner[3]. Citric acid (12.5 mM; 48 h) increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl[3].
Cell Viability Assay[3] Cell Line: | HaCaT cells | Concentration: | 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM | Incubation Time: | 24 h | Result: | Inhibited the cell viability in a dose dependent manner. |
Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[3] Cell Line: | HaCaT cells | Concentration: | 12.5 mM | Incubation Time: | 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h | Result: | Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner. |
Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Line: | HaCaT cells | Concentration: | 12.5 mM | Incubation Time: | 12, 24, 48 h | Result: | Increased the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl. |
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体内研究 (In Vivo) | Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreases GSH-Px activity and induces an increase in the MDA (malonyldialdehyde) levels in mouse liver[1]. Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes[1]. Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) causes renal toxicity in mice[2].
Animal Model: | 20 g male Kunming mice[2] | Dosage: | 120, 240, 480 mg/kg | Administration: | I.p.; weekly for 3 weeks | Result: | T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treated groups decreased with increasing doses of citric acid, NOS activity tended to increase, and H2O2 and MDA contents gradually decreased. |
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结构分类 | - Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
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运输条件 | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
储存方式 | Powder | -20°C | 3 years | | 4°C | 2 years | In solvent | -80°C | 6 months | | -20°C | 1 month |
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溶解性数据 | In Vitro: H2O : 100 mg/mL(520.51 mM;Need ultrasonic) DMSO : 100 mg/mL(520.51 mM;Need ultrasonic) 配制储备液 1 mM | 5.2051 mL | 26.0254 mL | 52.0508 mL | 5 mM | 1.0410 mL | 5.2051 mL | 10.4102 mL | 10 mM | 0.5205 mL | 2.6025 mL | 5.2051 mL |
*请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限:-80℃, 6 months; -20℃, 1 month。-80℃ 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20℃ 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。 In Vivo: 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照In Vitro方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂: ——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议您现用现配,当天使用;
以下溶剂前显示的百 分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶 1. 请依序添加每种溶剂: PBS Solubility: 100 mg/mL (520.51 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic 2. 请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 40%PEG300 5%Tween-80 45% saline Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。 以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀;然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。 3. 请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 90% (20%SBE-β-CDin saline) Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。 以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中,混合均匀。 4. 请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 90%corn oil Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液,此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。 以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中,混合均匀。 *以上所有助溶剂都可在本网站选购。
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