Tolvaptan 是一种选择性,竞争性并且具有口服活性的 vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R) 拮抗剂,抑制 AVP 诱导的血小板聚集,其IC50值为 1.28 μM。Tolvaptan 可诱导细胞凋亡,影响细胞周期。Tolvaptan 可用于低钠血症的研究。
生物活性 | Tolvaptan is a selective, competitive and orally activevasopressin receptor2 (V2R) antagonist with anIC50of 1.28 μM for the inhibition of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced platelet aggregation. Tolvaptan induces cell apoposis and affects cell cycle. Tolvaptan can be used for the research of hyponatremia[1][2]. |
体外研究 (In Vitro) | Tolvaptan (0-100 μM; 24-168 h) decreases the growth of HepG2 cells[2].Tolvaptan (20-100 μM; 24-48 h) induces cell death in HepG2 cells[2].Tolvaptan (0-100 μM; 24-48 h) affects cell cycle of HepG2 cells[2].Tolvaptan (0-100 μM; 24-48 h) causes DNA damage and induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells[2].Tolvaptan (0-100 μM; 24-48 h) decreases cyclins and CDKs, and increases γ-H2AX, PARP cleavage and LC3B-II in HepG2 cells[2].Tolvaptan (0-100 μM; 4-24 h) induces phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 in HepG2 cells[2].Tolvaptan (0-100 μM; 24-28 h) induces autophagy of HepG2 cells[2].
Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 0-100 μM | Incubation Time: | 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours | Result: | Time- and dose-dependently inhibited HepG2 cells with IC50s of >100, 52.2, 33.0 and 27.1 μM at 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours, respectively. |
Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μM | Incubation Time: | 24 and 48 hours | Result: | Time- and dose-dependently inhibited HepG2 cell growth and caused cell death, with LDH released at a concentration over 40 μM. Caused oxidative DNA damage and increased ROS production with a concentration of 60-100 μM. |
Cell Cycle Analysis[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 0-100 μM | Incubation Time: | 24 and 48 hours | Result: | Caused cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase, dose-dependently increased the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells with a concentration of 20-60 μM and increased the percentage of G2/M phase cells with a concentration of 60-100 μM. |
Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 0-100 μM | Incubation Time: | 24 and 48 hours | Result: | Dose-dependently decreased cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cyclin B1, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6, and increased γ-H2AX which is a maker of DNA double strand breaks in HepG2 cells. Increased the full length PARP into cleavage situation and induced PARP cleavage. |
Apoptosis Analysis[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 0-100 μM | Incubation Time: | 24 and 48 hours | Result: | Induced cell apoptosis with increasing caspase 3/7 activity at a dose over 40 μM. |
Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 0-100 μM | Incubation Time: | 4 and 24 hours | Result: | Induced the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 after 4 or 24 h of exposure at a concentration over 60 μM in HepG2 cells. |
Cell Autophagy Assay[2] Cell Line: | HepG2 cells | Concentration: | 0-100 μM | Incubation Time: | 24 and 48 hours | Result: | Induced cell autophagy with autophagosome formation and an increasing lysosomal turnover rate. |
|
体内研究 (In Vivo) | Tolvaptan (10 mg/kg; p.o. once per day for 22 days) improves cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats[3].
Animal Model: | Male albino rats with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection[3] | Dosage: | 10 mg/kg | Administration: | Oral gavage; 10 mg/kg once per day; for 22 days | Result: | Improved the level of urine volume, serum Na+, serum osmolarity, urinary creatinine, free water clearance, serum creatinine, urea, serum K+, blood pressure, urine osmolarity, fractional excretion of sodium and signs of nephrotoxicity in mice. Decreased caspase-3, Bax and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in renal tissue of mice. |
|
Clinical Trial | |
分子量 | |
性状 | |
Formula | |
CAS 号 | |
中文名称 | |
运输条件 | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
储存方式 | Powder | -20°C | 3 years | | 4°C | 2 years | In solvent | -80°C | 6 months | | -20°C | 1 month |
|
溶解性数据 | In Vitro: DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL(222.75 mM) *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. 配制储备液 1 mM | 2.2275 mL | 11.1373 mL | 22.2747 mL | 5 mM | 0.4455 mL | 2.2275 mL | 4.4549 mL | 10 mM | 0.2227 mL | 1.1137 mL | 2.2275 mL |
*请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限:-80℃, 6 months; -20℃, 1 month。-80℃ 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20℃ 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。 In Vivo: 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照In Vitro方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂: ——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议您现用现配,当天使用;
以下溶剂前显示的百 分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶 1. 请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 40%PEG300 5%Tween-80 45% saline Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (4.83 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (4.83 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。 以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 21.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀;然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。 2. 请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 90%corn oil Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (4.83 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (4.83 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液,此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。 以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 21.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中,混合均匀。 *以上所有助溶剂都可在本网站选购。
|