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Description: IC50 Value: 0.8 nM [1] Inolitazone(RS5444) is a novel high-affinity PPARgamma agonist, which activates PPARgamma with an EC50 about 1/50th that of rosiglitazone and has no effect on RIE cells that do not express PPARgamma. in vitro: In vitro, the IC50 for growth inhibition is approximately 0.8 nM while anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) tumor growth was inhibited three- to fourfold in nude mice. siRNA against PPARgamma and a pharmacological antagonist demonstrated that functional PPARgamma was required for growth inhibitory activity of RS5444. RS5444 upregulated the cell cycle kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1 [1]. RS5444inhibited culture growth and caused irreversible G1 arrest, but did not induce apoptosis. In addition, RS5444 caused dramatic changes in cellular morphology which were associated with increased motility and diminished cellular adherence, but no increase in the ability of such cells to digest and invade Matrigel [2]. Treatment with RS5444 leads to the up-regulation of RhoB and subsequent activation of p21, and that silencing of RhoB by RNAi blocks the ability of RS5444 to induce p21 and to inhibit ATC cells proliferation [3]. in vivo: The median peak efatutazone blood level was 8.6 ng/mL for 0.15-mg dosing vs 22.0 ng/mL for 0.3-mg twice daily dosing [4]. Although efatutazone treatment did not reduce percentage of mice developing invasive cancer, it significantly reduced prevalence of noninvasive cancer and total number of cancers per mouse and increased prevalence of well-differentiated cancer subtypes not usually seen in this mouse model [5]. Clinical trial: CS-7017 in Combination with Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in Subjects with Stage IIIb/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Phase 1b