Peonidin 3-O-glucoside is a metabolite of cyanidin 3-glucoside and an anthocyanin that has been found in red wine extracts and has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-metastatic properties.1,2,3,4,5 Peonidin 3-O-glucoside scavenges 2,2-diphenyl 1-picylhydrazyl and ABTS radicals in cell-free assays (EC50s = 757 and 98 μM, respectively).2 It inhibits IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of IKKα, IκBα, and ERK in human articular chondrocytes when used at a concentration of 2.5 μM.3 Peonidin 3-O-glucoside inhibits the growth of Hs578T human breast cancer cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner and decreases pulmonary metastasis in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.4,5

|1. Vanzo, A., Vrhovsek, U., Tramer, F., et al. Exceptionally fast uptake and metabolism of cyanidin 3-glucoside by rat kidneys and liver. J. Nat. Prod. 74(5), 1049-1054 (2011).|2. Li, Y., Li, L., Cui, Y., et al. Separation and purification of polyphenols from red wine extracts using high speed counter current chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 1054, 105-113 (2017).|3. Wongwichai, T., Teeyakasem, P., Pruksakorn, D., et al. Anthocyanins and metabolites from purple rice inhibit IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinases expression in human articular chondrocytes through the NF-κB and ERK/MAPK pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother. 112:108610, (2019).|4. Chen, P.-N., Chu, S.-C., Chiou, H.-L., et al. Cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-glucoside inhibit tumor cell growth and induce apoptosis in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Nutr. Cancer 53(2), 232-243 (2005).|5. Ho, M.-L., Chen, P.-N., Chu, S.-C., et al. Peonidin 3-glucoside inhibits lung cancer metastasis by downregulation of proteinases activities and MAPK pathway. Nutr. Cancer 62(4), 505-516 (2010).