Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, and mainly applied on apples, grapes, and vegetables to control powdery mildew. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats[1][2].

Penconazole (67 mg/kg; i.p.; every 2 days during 9 days) induces oxidative stress in rat cerebrum and cerebellum tissues[2].Penconazole has the ability to induce oxidative damage in the brain of adult rats, as evidenced by an increase of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, in addition to the perturbations in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status. Penconazole also affects the cholinergic system, activities of membrane-bound ATPases, and brain histoarchitecture. Penconazole is a potential neurotoxicant pesticide that exerts its neurotoxic effects via the generation of oxidative stress. Penconazole causes a significant inhibition of AChE activity in the cerebrum (11%) and cerebellum (25%) of adult rats[2]. Animal Model: Twelve male Wistar rats[2]

[1]. Husak VV, et al. Acute exposure to the penconazole-containing fungicide Topas partially augments antioxidant potential in goldfish tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017;193:1-8. [2]. ChaÂbane M, et al. Penconazole alters redox status, cholinergic function, and membrane-bound ATPases in the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2017;36(8):854-866.