Cell experiment:

For induced differentiation to endocrine or exocrine cells, the (-)-Indolactam V (300 nM)-treated populations are cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 1 N2, 2 mg/mL albumin fraction V and 10 ng/mL bovine FGF for the first 4 d. 10 mM nicotinamide is then added and maintained for an additional 8 d, changing the medium every 3 d[3].

(-)-Indolactam V is a PKC activator, with Kis of 3.36 nM, 1.03 μM for η-CRD2 (PKCη surrogate peptide), γ-CRD2 (PKCγ surrogate peptide), and Kds of 5.5 nM (η-C1B), 7.7 nM (ε-C1B), 8.3 nM (δ-C1B), 18.9 nM (β-C1A-long), 20.8 nM (α-C1A-long), 137 nM (β-C1B), 138 nM (γ-C1A), 213 nM (γ-C1B), and has antitumor activity.

(-)-Indolactam V is a PKC activator, with Kis of 3.36 nM, 1.03 μM for η-CRD2 (PKCη surrogate peptide), γ-CRD2 (PKCγ surrogate peptide), and has antitumor activity[1]. (-)-Indolactam V shows Kds of 5.5 nM (η-C1B), 7.7 nM (ε-C1B), 8.3 nM (δ-C1B), 18.9 nM (β-C1A-long), 20.8 nM (α-C1A-long), 137 nM (β-C1B), 138 nM (γ-C1A), 213 nM (γ-C1B), respectively[2]. (-)-Indolactam V (20 nM-5 μM) dose-dependently affects multiple hESC lines, such as HUES 2, 4 and 8. (-)-Indolactam V also increases the mRNA levels of Pdx1, HNF6, PTF1A, SOX9, HB9 and PROX1. In addition, (-)-Indolactam V (300 nM) functions in both mouse and human cells and confirms that some signals for pancreatic development[3].

References:
[1]. Nakagawa Y, et al. Synthesis and biological activities of indolactone-V, the lactone analogue of the tumor promoter (-)-indolactam-V. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Aug;61(8):1415-7.
[2]. Masuda A, et al. Binding selectivity of conformationally restricted analogues of (-)-indolactam-V to the C1 domains of protein kinase C isozymes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Jul;66(7):1615-7.
[3]. Chen S, et al. A small molecule that directs differentiation of human ESCs into the pancreatic lineage. Nat Chem Biol. 2009 Apr;5(4):258-65.