Visnagin is a polyketide synthase-derived furanochromone originally isolated fromA. visnagathat has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4,5It inhibits the germination and growth of ryegrass (IC₅₀s = 502 and 214 µM, respectively).²Visnagin (100 µg/ml) is cytotoxic to, and induces apoptosis in, HT-144 melanoma cells.³It reduces LPS-stimulated increases in the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in BV-2 microglial cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM.⁴Visnagin (25 mg/kg) protects against cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin in mice.⁵

1.Abe, I.Engineering of plant polyketide biosynthesisChem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)56(11)1505-1514(2008) 2.Travaini, M.L., Sosa, G.M., Ceccarelli, E.A., et al.Khellin and visnagin, furanochromones from Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., as potential bioherbicidesJ. Agric. Food Chem.64(50)9475-9487(2016) 3.Aydo?mu?-ÖztÜrk, F., Jahan, H., Beyazit, N., et al.The anticancer activity of visnagin, isolated from Ammi visnaga L., against the human malignant melanoma cell lines, HT 144Mol. Biol. Rep.46(2)1709-1714(2019) 4.Lee, J.-K., Jung, J.-S., Park, S.-H., et al.Anti-inflammatory effect of visnagin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cellsArch. Pharm. Res.33(11)1843-1850(2010) 5.Liu, Y., Asnani, A., Zou, L., et al.Visnagin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy through modulation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenaseSci. Transl. Med.6(266)266ra170(2014)