Gboxin, formerly known as Gboxin chloride, is an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor that targets glioblastoma. Gboxin inhibits the growth of primary mouse and human glioblastoma cells but not that of mouse embryonic fibroblasts or neonatal astrocytes. Gboxin rapidly and irreversibly compromises oxygen consumption in glioblastoma cells. Gboxin relies on its positive charge to associate with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in a manner that is dependent on the proton gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and it inhibits the activity of F0F1 ATP synthase. References: Shi Y, Lim SK, Liang Q, Iyer SV, Wang HY, Wang Z, Xie X, Sun D, Chen YJ, Tabar
V, Gutin P, Williams N, De Brabander JK, Parada LF. Gboxin is an oxidative
phosphorylation inhibitor that targets glioblastoma. Nature. 2019
Mar;567(7748):341-346. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0993-x. Epub 2019 Mar 6. PubMed
PMID: 30842654.