Galegine hydrochloride, 一种胍衍生物，有助于小鼠减轻体重。胍类是从 G. officinalis 中提取的化合物，产生双胍、二甲双胍和苯甲双胍。Galegine hydrochloride 激活 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞、L6 肌管、H4IIE 大鼠肝癌和 HEK293 人肾细胞系中的 AMPK。Galegine hydrochloride 具有抗菌活性，对金黄色葡萄球菌菌株 (Staphylococcus aureus) 的最低抑菌浓度为 4 mg/L。
货号:ajcx32582
CAS:2368870-39-5
分子式:C6H14ClN3
分子量：163.65
溶解度:H2O : 43.33 mg/mL (264.77 mM)|DMSO : 5.2 mg/mL (31.78 mM)
纯度：98%
存储：Store at -20°C
库存：现货

Background:

Galegine hydrochloride, a guanidine derivative, contributes to weight loss in mice. Guanidine hydrochloride is the compound derived from G. officinalis, which gave rise to the biguanides, metformin and phenformin. Galegine hydrochloride activates AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, as well as in the H4IIE rat hepatoma and HEK293 human kidney cell lines. Galegine hydrochloride has antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains[1][2].

Pre-treatment with Galegine hydrochloride (10 µM-3 mM; 5 h) produces a concentration-dependent stimulation of insulin-independent glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes without any effect on cell viability. Incubation with Galegine hydrochloride (1 µM-1 mM, 5 h) produces a concentration-dependent stimulation of glucose uptake into L6 myotubes, again without any effect on cell viability[1]. Galegine hydrochloride (0.3-300 µM; 24 hours) produced a slight reduction in basal glycerol release and a more marked reduction in isoprenaline-stimulated glycerol release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Incubation of H4IIE rat hepatoma cells with Galegine hydrochloride (10 or 300 µM) for up to 6 hours produces a time-dependent activation of AMPK measured in cell lysates, with maximal activation at 360 min and twofold activation still evident at 24 hous in the presence of 300 µM Galegine hydrochloride. The effect of 300 µM Galegine hydrochloride is markedly greater than that of 10 µM. Incubation with Galegine hydrochloride for 1 hour produces a concentration-dependent activation of AMPK in both 3T3L-1 adipocytes and L-6 myotubes. Galegine hydrochloride also produces a concentration-dependent activation of the enzyme in a human kidney cell line (HEK293)[1].

Galegine hydrochloride (63 mg/kg; feed; daily for 11 days) produces a significant reduction in body weight[1].

参考文献:
[1]. Mooney MH, et al. Mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of galegine that contribute to weight loss in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;153(8):1669-77.
[2]. Coqueiro A, et al. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Prenylated Guanidine Alkaloids from Pterogyne nitens and Synthetic Analogues. J Nat Prod. 2014 Aug 22;77(8):1972-5.