Background:

Prostaglandin E₂-d₄(PGE₂-d₄) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE₂by GC- or LC-MS. PGE₂is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.^1,2,3,4The effects of PGE₂are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP₁, EP₂, EP₃, and EP₄.⁵The affinity constants (K_d) of PGE₂for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.
PGE₂-d₄MaxSpec^?standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGE₂-d₄that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry or any application where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGE₂-d₄MaxSpec^?standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product.Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.

1.Willis, A.L., and Cornelsen, M.Repeated injection of prostaglandin E2 in rat paws induces chronic swelling and a marked decrease in pain thresholdProstaglandins3(3)353-357(1973) 2.Jackson, G.M., Sharp, H.T., and Varner, M.W.Cervical ripening before induction of labor: A randomized trial of prostaglandin E2 gel versus low-dose oxytocinAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.171(4)1092-1096(1994) 3.Robert, A., Schultz, J.R., Nezamis, J.E., et al.Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of PGE2, 15-methyl PGE2, and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. Intravenous, oral and intrajejunal administrationGastroenterology70(3)359-370(1976) 4.Arvind, P., Papavassiliou, E.D., Tsioulias, G.J., et al.Prostaglandin E2 down-regulates the expression of HLA-DR antigen in human colon adenocarcinoma cell linesBiochemistry34(16)5604-5609(1995) 5.Coleman, R.A., Smith, W.L., and Narumiya, S.International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: Properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypesPharmacol. Rev.46(2)205-229(1994)