Background:

Thiamine nitrate is an essential vitamin which can enhance normal neuronal actives.

Thiamine levels in the blood of homozygous KO and KI mice fed a conventional diet are decreased to 0.058±0.051 and 0.126±0.092 μM, respectively, at 7 weeks compare to WT mice (0.796±0.259 μM). When WT and homozygous KO and KI mice are fed a Thiamine-restricted diet (Thiamine: 0.60 mg/100 g food), blood Thiamine concentration at 5 and 14 days is markedly decreased to 0.010±0.009 and 0.010±0.006 μM, respectively, compare to WT mice (0.609±0.288 μM). Thiamine concentration in brain homogenate of WT mice fed a conventional diet is 3.81±2.18 nmol/g wet weight, and that of KO and KI is 1.33±0.96 and 2.16±1.55 nmol/g wet weight, respectively. Notably, Thiamine concentration in brain homogenate decreases steadily in KO and KI mice fed a thiamine-restrict diet (Thiamine: 0.60 mg/100 g food) for 5 days (0.95±0.72 nmol/g wet weight) and 14 days (1.11±0.24 nmol/g wet weight), respectively, compare to WT (3.65±1.02 nmol/g wet weight), before the mice presenting an phenotype of disease[2].

WT, homozygous, and heterozygous KO and KI mice fed a conventional diet (thiamine: 1.71 mg/100 g) survive for over 6 months without any phenotype of disease. Homozygous KO and KI mice fed a Thiamine-restricted diet (thiamine: 0.60 mg/100 g food) show paralysis, weight loss, and immobility, and die within 12 and 30 days, respectively. Similarly, homozygous KO and KI mice fed a Thiamine-restricted diet with an even lower percentage of Thiamine (Thiamine: 0.27 mg/100 g food) die within 14 and 18 days, respectively. However, WT and heterozygous KO and KI mice fed a Thiamine-restricted diet (Thiamine: 0.60 mg or 0.27 mg/100g food) survive for over 6 months without any phenotype of disease[2].

[1]. Kenneth Osiezagha, et al.Thiamine Deficiency and Delirium. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2013 Apr; 10(4): 26-32. [2]. Kaoru Suzuki, et al. High-dose thiamine prevents brain lesions and prolongs survival ofSlc19a3-deficient mice. PLoS One. 2017; 12(6): e0180279.