Background:

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, a acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate, is a metabolite of ursodeoxycholic acid.In Vitro: The antioxidant compound glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) fully abrogates UCB-induced cytochrome c oxidase inhibition and significantly prevents oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and cell demise[1].GUDCA has shown therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative models and diseases. Increased cytosolic SOD1 inclusions were observed in 4 DIV NSC-34/hSOD1(G93A) cells together with decreased mitochondria viability, caspase-9 activation, and apoptosis[2]. Glycoursodeoxycholic acid shows preventive and restorative effects against unconjugated bilirubin -induced blood-brain barrier disruption and damage to human brain microvascular endothelial cells[3].