Background:

The p-Cresol is a protein-bound uremic retention solute¹.

Free p-Cresol was found to be a cardiovascular risk factor in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. In patients with diabetes, the level of both free p-cresol and total p-cresol were markedly higher. In patients treated by hemodialysis, the levels of these two forms of p-cresol were also significantly higher than that of patients treated by hemodiafiltration. The univariate cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the concentration of free p-cresol was obviously associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Quite many patients with high free p-cresol concentrations had new fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events. Besides that, p-cresol was also found to inhibit cell proliferation. It inhibited the proliferation of cultured endothelial cells by 26% without affecting cell viability. Moreover, p-cresol treatment reduced endothelial wound repair by 19%, 28% and 40% at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 μg/ml, respectively^1,2.

参考文献:
1.?Meijers B K I, Bammens B, De Moor B, et al. Free p-cresol is associated with cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Kidney international, 2008, 73(10): 1174-1180.
2.?Dou L, Bertrand E, Cerini C, et al. The uremic solutes p-cresol and indoxyl sulfate inhibit endothelial proliferation and wound repair. Kidney international, 2004, 65(2): 442-451.