Background:

Verbascoside (Acteoside) is a hydroxytyrosol and phenylpropanoid sugar ester and an inhibitor of PKC and NF-κB [1].

Verbascoside has been found to decrease tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis by regulating ERK signaling, and inhibit mycotoxin-mediated cell damage. In addition, Verbascoside has been reported to decrease the RANKL-stimulated differentiation of RAW264.7 cells and osteoclast formation. Moreover, Verbascoside has shown the inhibition of osteoclast formation in bone marrow macrophages （BMMs）with IC50 value of 4.8μM. Apart from these, Verbascoside has also been revealed to prevent these RANKL-induced increases in p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK and the levels of phosphorylated MAPKs by immunometric analysis in macrophages. Furthermore, Verbascoside has been reported to inhibit RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB-DNA binding [1].

参考文献:
[1] Lee SY1, Lee KS, Yi SH, Kook SH, Lee JC. Acteoside suppresses RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting c-Fos induction and NF-κB pathway and attenuating ROS production. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 4;8(12):e80873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080873. eCollection 2013.