In vitro activity: Pantothenic acid increases mainly the content of free glutathione, with little effect on protein-boundglutathione in human lymphoblastoic (Jurkat) cells. Pantothenic acid also increases cell respiration with pyruvate as the exogenous substrate. Pantothenic acid belongs to vitamin B group and is the building stone of coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid can be therefore infer that its beneficial effect in various kinds of cell damage by ROS is related to the increased content or stimulated biosynthesis of this coenzyme. Pantothenic acid increases the glutathione content by more than 50% and increases the GSH/GSSG ratio by approximately the same factor. Pantothenic acid and N-acetylcysteine alleviates the ultraviolet-induced decrease of glutathione content, diminished lipid peroxidation, and partly protects the cells against apoptosisproduced by ultraviolet irradiation.

Cell Assay: Pantothenic acid (1 mM) increased biosynthesis of glutathione by boosting cell energetic in Jurkat cells. In addition, pantothenic acid (1 mM) protected against oxidative damage and apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells.