Papaverine Hydrochloride, USP, is the hydrochloride of an alkaloid obtained from opium or prepared synthetically. It belongs to the benzylisoquinoline group of alkaloids. It does not contain a phenanthrene group as do morphine and codeine. The most characteristic effect of papaverine is relaxation of the tonus of all smooth muscle, especially when it has been spasmodically contracted. Papaverine Hydrochloride apparently acts directly on the muscle itself. This relaxation is noted in the vascular system and bronchial musculature and in the gastrointestinal, biliary and urinary tracts. References: Kasperek R, Zimmer L, Poleszak E. THE PROCESS OF MASS TRANSFER ON THE SOLID-LIQUID BOUNDARY LAYER DURING THE RELEASE OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND PAPAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE FROM TABLETS IN A PADDLE APPARATUS. Acta Pol Pharm. 2016 Jan-Feb;73(1):163-73. PubMed PMID: 27008811. 2: Polski A, Iwaniak K, Kasperek R, Modrzewska J, Sobótka-Polska K, Slawińska K, Poleszak E. Influence of Polymer Type on the Physical Properties and Release Profile of Papaverine Hydrochloride From Hard Gelatin Capsules. Polim Med. 2015 Jul-Dec;45(2):51-5. PubMed PMID: 26994886. 3: Kasperek R, Zimmer L, Jawień W, Poleszak E. PHARMACOKINETICS OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND PAPAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF TABLETS TO RABBITS. Acta Pol Pharm. 2015 May-Jun;72(3):527-38. PubMed PMID: 26642661. 4: Polski A, Kasperek R, Rogowska M, Iwaniak K, Sobòtka-Polska K, Poleszak E. Dissolution Studies of Papaverine Hydrochloride from Tablets in Three Pharmacopoeia Apparatuses. Polim Med. 2015 Jan-Jun;45(1):21-4. PubMed PMID: 26630725. 5: Kasperek R, Polski A, Zimmer L, Poleszak E. Release kinetics of papaverine hydrochloride from tablets with different excipients. Sci Pharm. 2014 May 16;82(3):684-96. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1310-19. eCollection 2014 Sep. PubMed PMID: 25853076; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4318223. 6: Kasperek R, Trebacz H, Zimmer L, Poleszak E. The effect of excipients on the release kinetics of diclofenac sodium and papaverine hydrochloride from composed tablets. Acta Pol Pharm. 2014 May-Jun;71(3):439-49. PubMed PMID: 25265824. 7: Kasperek R, Polski A, Sobótka-Polska K, Poleszak E. [Influence of polymer type on the physical properties and the release study of papaverine hydrochloride from tablets]. Polim Med. 2014 Jan-Mar;44(1):5-12. Polish. PubMed PMID: 24918651. 8: Asgari SA, Asli MM, Madani AH, Maghsoudi PA, Ghanaei MM, Shakiba M, Aval HB, Enshaei A, Farzan A, Esmaeili S. Treatment of loin pain suspected to be renal colic with papaverine hydrochloride: a prospective double-blind randomised study. BJU Int. 2012 Aug;110(3):449-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10793.x. Epub 2012 Feb 20. PubMed PMID: 22348304. 9: Kasperek R. Simultaneous release of diclofenac sodium and papaverine hydrochloride from tablets and pellets using the flow-through cell apparatus described by dimensionless equations. Acta Pol Pharm. 2011 Mar-Apr;68(2):261-72. PubMed PMID: 21485300. 10: Piotrowska K, Hermann TW, Pawelska A. Photostabilization of papaverine hydrochloride solutions. Acta Pol Pharm. 2010 Jul-Aug;67(4):321-6. PubMed PMID: 20635526. 1 Shaker MA, Younes HM. Osmotic-driven release of papaverine hydrochloride from novel poly(decane-co-tricarballylate) elastomeric matrices. Ther Deliv. 2010 Jul;1(1):37-50. PubMed PMID: 22816118. 12: Kasperek R. Determination of diclofenac sodium and papaverine hydrochloride in tablets by HPLC method. Acta Pol Pharm. 2008 Jul-Aug;65(4):403-8. PubMed PMID: 19051579. 13: Piotrowska K, Hermann TW, Augustyniak W. Kinetics of photooxidation of papaverine hydrochloride and its major photooxidation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006 Jun 16;41(4):1391-5. Epub 2006 Mar 31. PubMed PMID: 16580169. 14: El-Gindy A. HPLC and chemometric assisted spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of diprophylline, phenobarbitone and papaverine hydrochloride. Farmaco. 2005 Sep;60(9):745-53. PubMed PMID: 16023119. 15: Boberic-Borojevic D, Radulovic D, Ivanovic D, Ristic P. Simultaneous assay of ephedrine hydrochloride, theophylline, papaverine hydrochloride and hydroxyzine hydrochloride in tablets using RP-LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1999 Oct;21(1):15-22. PubMed PMID: 10701909. 16: Mathis JM, Jensen ME, Dion JE. Technical considerations on intra-arterial papaverine hydrochloride for cerebral vasospasm. Neuroradiology. 1997 Feb;39(2):90-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 9045968. 17: Nokta M, Albrecht T, Pollard R. Papaverine hydrochloride: effects on HIV replication and T-lymphocyte cell function. Immunopharmacology. 1993 Sep-Oct;26(2):181-5. PubMed PMID: 7506701. 18: Mielcarek J, Sapór J. [Interaction between papaverine hydrochloride and antacids]. Acta Pol Pharm. 1992;49(5-6):23-6. Polish. PubMed PMID: 16092195. 19: Regdon G Jr, Vastag T, Regdon G, Selmeczi B. [Formulation and analysis of suppositories containing papaverine hydrochloride. Part 1. Choice of the optimal vehicle and determination of the physical parameters of the suppositories]. Acta Pharm Hung. 1991 Nov;61(6):295-302. Hungarian. PubMed PMID: 1785358. 20: Shupack J, Stiller M, Meola T Jr, Orbuch P. Papaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial to reassess safety and efficacy. Dermatologica. 1991;183(1):21-4. PubMed PMID: 1769410.

纯度：≥98%

CAS：61-25-6