Oxytocin is a medication and hormone. As a medication, it is used to cause contraction of the uterus, which is used to start labor, increase the speed of labor, and to stop bleeding following delivery. It is used either by injection into a muscle or into a vein. Medical uses can result in excessive contraction of the uterus that can cause distress in an unborn baby. Common side effects in the mother include nausea and a slow heart rate. Oxytocin is normally produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction in both sexes, and during and after childbirth. It is released due to stretching of the cervix and uterus during labor and with stimulation of the nipples from breastfeeding. References: Freeman SM, Young LJ. Comparative perspectives on oxytocin and vasopressin receptor research in rodents and primates: Translational implications. J Neuroendocrinol. 2016 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/jne.12382. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26940141.

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