Cell lines

MDA-MB-435 cells

Preparation method

Soluble in DMSO >10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.

Reaction Conditions

1, 2, 4 nM; 6 or 12 h.

Applications

In MDA-MB-435 cells, GM 6001 increases the respiratory rate by 80% and [3H] thymidine incorporation by 50% when treated for 6 h and 12 h respectively, which suggest that GM 6001 increase DNA synthesis. GM 6001 also increases ERK activity and p38 kinase activity.

Animal models

Rats with balloon injury of the carotid artery.

Dosage form

100 mg/kg; 2, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days; IP injection.

Preparation method

Dissolved in 4% CMC.

Applications

GM 6001 reduces the amount of SMCs that migrated into the intima by 97% at 4 days after injury and inhibits lesions growth, which is mediated by MMP. However, at 14 days after injury, intimal area and the amount of SMCs were the same in GM 6001-treated and control rats.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

GM 6001 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of MMP with Ki values of 0.4nM, 0.5nM, 27nM, 0.1nM and 0.2nM, respectively for MMP-1,2,3,8 and 9 [1].

MMPs are divided into 4 subfamilies: stromelysins, gelatinases, membrane-type MMPs, and collagenases. They play major roles in mediating the effects of IL-1 during meniscal healing. As an inhibitor of MMP, GM 6001 is reported to enhance the repair of meniscal lesions in an inflammatory microenvironment. MMPs also play roles in the transactivation of EGFR induced by GPCR agonists. It is reported that treatment of GM 6001 inhibits the phosphorylation of EGFR as well as the activation of ERK induced by bombesin or LPA. The DNA synthesis induced by bombesin or LPA is also attenuated by GM 6001 since the activity of MMP is required for the GPCR-induced late response mitogenic signaling [1, 2].

References:
[1] McNulty AL, Weinberg JB, Guilak F. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases enhances in vitro repair of the meniscus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Jun;467(6):1557-67.
[2] Santiskulvong C, Rozengurt E. Galardin (GM 6001), a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, blocks bombesin- and LPA-induced EGF receptor transactivation and DNA synthesis in rat-1 cells. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Nov 1;290(2):437-46.