Acetaminophen 是一种选择性环氧合酶-2 的抑制剂，IC50值为 25.8 μM。它是一种肝 N-乙酰转移酶 2 抑制剂，可用作解热和止痛剂。

Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. Acetaminophen has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Acetaminophen is functionally active as a selective COX-2 inhibitor, exhibiting a 4.4-fold specificity towards COX-2 (IC50 is 113.7 μM for COX-1 and IC50 of 25.8 μM for COX-2). [1] Acetaminophen demonstrates selective toxicity towards melanoma cells, such as SK-MEL-28, MeWo, SK-MEL-5, B16-F0 and B16-F10, with IC50 of 100 μM, and shows no significant toxicity towards BJ, Saos-2, SW-620, and PC-3 non-melanoma cells. Acetaminophen induces the apoptosis of SK-MEL-28 cells through intracellular GSH depletion, ROS formation and induced mitochondrial toxicity, which can be enhanced by Dicoumarol and 1-bromoheptane and allayed by Ascorbic acid, GSH, Trifluoperazine and cyclosporin A. [2] Acetaminophen significantly inhibits the activity of COX-2 which has been induced by diclofenac than that induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in murine J774.2 macrophages. However in the presence of diclofenac, LPS-induced COX-2 activity is inhibited by acetaminophen to the same extent as the COX-2 activity induced by diclofenac alone. [3]

Effect of inhibition of Acetaminophen on COX-1 and COX-2 activity in human whole blood: For COX-1 assay, aliquots of human whole blood drawn from healthy volunteers without anticoagulant are transferred to glass tubes containing Acetaminophen or DMSO, serum is separated by centrifugation after clotting, and serum TxB2 levels are determined. For COX-2 assay, aliquots of heparinized whole blood are incubated with LPS (10 μg/mL) and aspirin (10 μg/mL), plus Acetaminophen or DMSO for 24 hours at 37 °C, plasma is separated by centrifugation, and PGE2 levels are determined subsequently. The degree of COX-1 or COX-2 inhibition is calculated as the percentage change of plasma eicosanoid (TxB2 for COX-1 and PGE2 for COX-2).Concentration response curves are fitted by a sigmoidal regression with variable slope for both enzymatic assays, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values are derived by using of PRISM Version 3.0.

Cells are exposed to Acetaminophen for 48 hours. Cell viability is determined by the trypan blue exclusion method. Intracellular GSH is measured by recording the disulfide, GS-TNB and 5-thio-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB), the yellow colored compound formed by the reaction between GSH with DTNB.(Only for Reference)

103-90-2

C8H9NO2

151.165

Paracetamol;APAP;对乙酰氨基酚;醋氨酚;4-Acetamidophenol;4'-Hydroxyacetanilide

Ethanol:15.1 mg/mL (100 mM)
DMSO:15.1 mg/mL (100 mM)
H2O:Soluble
Powder: -20°C for 3 years
In solvent: -80°C for 2 years