Cell experiment:

Cells are plated into 48-well tissue culture plates (39,000 cells/mL) and allowed to grow for 48 h followed by treatment with vehicle or Tenofovir. Following the treatment period, cell viability is assessed using the MTT assay. The MTT assay relies on the conversion of tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethlthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan by NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases[1].

Animal experiment:

Twenty adult chronic WHV carrier woodchucks are stratified equally by age, sex, body weight, and serum GGT activity into five treatment groups consisting of four animals each: (i) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 15.0 mg/kg once per day, (ii) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 5.0 mg/kg/day, (iii) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 1.5 mg/kg/day, (iv) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 0.5 mg/kg/day, and (v) a placebo control. The woodchucks are treated daily for 4 weeks and observed for an additional 12 weeks following cessation of drug treatment[4].

Tenofovir maleate is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase used for the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1) and hepatitis B [1].

Tenofovir maleate is an antiviral pro-drug and the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. In addition, Tenofovir maleate has been reported to have a dependent relation between intracellular the drug concentrations and prevent function of HIV-1infection with EC50 values of 29 fmol/106, 40 fmol/106 , 77 fmol/106 and 411 fmol/106 cells for inoculum size 1, 5, 20 and 100 respectively. And the EC50 values of tenofovir maleate are 267 fmol/106, 348 fmol/106, 640 fmol/106 and 2866 fmol/106 cells for virus inoculums size 1, 5, 20 and 100, respectively [1].

References:
[1] Duwal S1, Schütte C, von Kleist M.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir and prophylactic efficacy against HIV-1 infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040382. Epub 2012 Jul 11.